Watkins, P. C., Woodward, K., Stone, T., & Kolts, R. L. (2003). The Dispositional Envy Scale is a measure that aims to assess tendencies or predispositions to feel and experience envy. Study 1 indicated that the DES is a reliable, stable measure, containing items suiting theoretical criteria for the makeup of dispositional envy. Thus, in this study, we specied the Japanese words describing envy, namely, urayamashii or netamashii, suitable for the Japanese BeMaS. Furthermore, they are differentially connected to hope for success and fear of failure. It is also positively related to entitlement, egoism, social comparison, envy, competition and productivity orientation and negatively related to impression management and satisfaction with life. In the last 5 years, the phrase "politics of envy" has appeared more than 621 times in English-language newspapers, generally in opinion essays contending that political liberalism reflects and exploits feelings of envy. The authors created a single-factor Dispositional Envy Scale (DES) to measure individual differences in tendencies to envy, and examined some of the implications of such differences. Bosnian (Rii & Rii, 2017) Bulgarian (Papazova, 2017) Chinese (Xiang et al., 2018) Croatian (Kneevi, 2022) Dutch (Van de Ven, 2017) . (1999) and is administered to several samples in the U.S. Dispositional envy was the only reliable predictor. . We assessed dispositional gratitude with the Gratitude Questionnaire Six-Item Form (GQ-6; McCullough, Emmons, and Tsang ). ,2015) by focusing on positive outcomes of envy and explore the thriving at work and achievement motivation as functional consequences of negative emotion envy at workplace. Dispositional envy revisited: Unraveling the motivational dynamics of benign and malicious envy Lange & Crusius Here you find the research materials, the de-identified data, and the preprint of our publication on dispositional envy. DES can be rated on 5 points Likert scales ranging from "strongly disagree" (1 point) to "strongly agree"(5 point). [ 8] to evaluate envy. To feel envy, three conditions need to be met. This study examined the validity of the Japanese version of the Benign and Malicious Envy Scale (BeMaS) with Japanese undergraduate student and non-student samples. Further, anger rumination and dispositional envy were positive predictors of IAS-A guilt induction, IAS-A social exclusion, and DAQ behavioral displaced aggression. To test the model, 330 young . In Study 1, we present the development of a domainspecific measure of dispositional envy. Other envy scales focus on dispositional . Social On the measurement level, greed has been shown to predict envy measures such as the Dispositional Envy Scale (Smith et al., 1999) or the Vices and Virtues Scale (Brud et al., 2020; Veselka et al., 2014). Smith et al. Importantly, these associations were explained by dispositional envy. Both of these envy scalesfrom the perspective of a dual conceptualization of envymeasure malicious envy (Lange, Weidman, Crusius, 2018). 1999, and Lange and Crusius 2015), and that people who are strongly disposed toward envy will probably feel it soon again, with regard to some other object, but that is compatible with what I . 1 2 3 . 6) Describe exactly how outliers will be defined and handled, and your precise rule(s) for excluding observations. BeMaS Envy Scale & Translations . The Dispositional Envy Scale (DES) is a 8-item self-reported measure developed to assess people's tendencies to feel envy. Although many scholars have argued that individual differences in proneness to envy can have wide-ranging implications for social interactions, the empirical testing of these claims is largely undeveloped. Moreover, given that all research variables are at an individual level, we entered positive Table 1 presents the means, standard deviations, gossip, negative gossip, dispositional envy, employee scale reliabilities, and correlations of all variables in cynicism, and interaction at level 1. this study. In conclusion, the psychometric assessments provided . Research on narcissism and envy suggests a variable relationship that may reflect differences between how vulnerable and grandiose narcissism relate to precursors of envy. Oddly, this assertion has not been tested empirically. The Dispositional Resilience (Hardiness) Scale (HARDY) is a self-report scale that is designed to measure three major components of hardiness (control, communication, and challenge). two types of dispositional envy, has not been adequately conrmed in East Asian countries. In recent years, different scales have been developed to assess individual differences in dispositional greed. Consistent with H1a, dispositional envy was significantly and negatively associated with job satisfaction (r = 0.20), and significantly and positively associated with stress . Second, we must . Malicious Envy Scale (BeMaS)we show that dispositional envy is also characterized by two independent dimensions related to distinct motivational dynamics and behavioral consequences. The costs imposed by such feelings on individuals, organizations, and societies 286 Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin 41(2) Finally, Veselka et al. Dispositional Benign and Malicious Envy and Their Motivational . Moreover, the link between dispositional malicious envy and environmental behavior can be explained by trait self-control, while the mediating effect was silent in dispositional benign envy. As child maltreatment is a common social problem worldwide, the present study explores the relationship between child maltreatment and dispositional envy and the mediating effects of self-esteem and social support in this relationship. Means, standard deviations (SDs), skewness, and kurtosis for Dispositional Envy Scale (DES) and Wong and Law Emotional Intelligence Scale (WLEIS) scores are presented in Table 1. In four studies (N = 1,094)--using the newly developed Benign and Malicious Envy Scale (BeMaS)--we show that dispositional envy is also characterized by two independent dimensions related to distinct motivational dynamics and behavioral consequences. It includes eight items assessed through a 5-point Likert-type scale, with some items explicitly measuring frequency and intensity of envy (e.g., "I feel envy Table 1. Reference Lange, J., & Crusius, J. Additionally, (2015). Results: The reliability indices of the five factors and the total scale were satisfactory (>0.85). We find that all scales are reliable and that they correlate highly, suggesting that all can be used to assess dispositional greed. As child maltreatment is a common social problem worldwide, the present study explores the relationship between child maltreatment and dispositional envy and the mediating effects of self-esteem and social support in this relationship. Kwiatkowska, M., Rogoza, R. & Volkodav, T. Psychometric properties of the benign and malicious envy scale: Assessment of structure, reliability, and measurement invariance across the United States, Germany . We created a single-factor Dispositional Envy Scale (DES) to measure individual differences in tendencies to envy, and examined some of the implications of such differences. Results show that episodic envy is composed of a feeling component and a comparison . The Dispositional Benign and Malicious Envy Scale (BeMaS) and translations. the eight-item Dispositional Envy Scale (Smith et al., 1999). In this study, we used the Chinese version, which has good reliability and validity (Cronbach's = 0.79) [ 55 ]. benign envy and higher dispositional malicious envy as parallel mediators on life satisfaction as outcome variable. This score was used in the study with university students. Table 2 presents the correlations between dispositional envy, political ideology, and demographic variables. The emotional experience of envy goes through different cultures. This paper aimed at translating and validating the Dispositional Envy Scale (DES) into Italian and testing the concurrent validity with a projective technique. Dispositional Envy Scale (DES) (Smith et al., 1999) is an 8-item scale that measures a general tendency towards envy and consists of items measuring a sense of inferiority and frustration, ill will and perceptions of injustice (e.g., "I am troubled by feelings of inadequacy", "It is so frustrating to see some people succeed so easily . ITEM CODING The HARDY consists of 45 The DES had acceptable reliability (internal consistency and . Dispositional benign and malicious envy uniquely predict envious responding following upward social comparisons. The emotional experience of envy goes through different cultures. Study 1 (including 4 separate samples from 2 different countries, total N = 6092) provides evidence for the construct and discriminant validity of the DGS in terms of positive correlations with maximization, self-interest, envy, materialism, and . Episodic envy, the unpleasant emotion resulting from a specific negative social comparison, is discussed. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin. Dispositional. Experiment 2: Dispositional contempt was related to each component of the . In another sample of 474 individuals, the average benign envy score was 3.41, while the average malicious envy score was 1.58. Benign envy scale and malicious envy scale demonstrated good internal consistency in both samples. Benign and Malicious Envy Scale (BeMaS) English version; Translations. The Dispositional Envy Scale (DES; Smith, Parrott, Diener, Hoyle, and Kim ) was employed to assess individual differences in the tendency to feel envy. Dispositional Envy. SPSS syntax: * Dispositional Benign and Malicious Envy Scale (BeMaS, Lange & Crusius, 2015). First, we must be confronted with a person (or persons) with somethinga possession, quality, or achievementthat has eluded us. Two studies were conducted on a general population (study 1, N=154) (45.4% males; Mage=37.49; SD=14.57) and university student sample (study 2, N=233) (17.2% males; Mage=20.20; SD=2.70 . Dispositional Envy. The Dispositional Envy Scale (Smith et al., 1999) was used, which consists of 8 items that are scored on a 5-point Likert scale (1 = strongly disagree, 5 = strongly agree). This paper aimed to explore the interaction between mindfulness and envy by referring to the mindful emotion regulation model, and it also examines the mediation of emotional intelligence. A common denominator of this research seems to be that envy as an emotion has its functional sides (at least for the person experiencing envy). The Dutch also have a word for this form of envy - afgunst. Accordingly, we proposed a model in which dispositional envy and relative deprivation differentially mediate envy's association with narcissistic vulnerability, grandiosity, and entitlement. Dispositional envy revisited: Unraveling the motivational dynamics of benign and malicious envy. The DES (Smith et al., 1999) evaluates dispositional envy in terms of frequency and intensity of explicit envious feelings and implicit envy-re-lated reactions, referring to inferiority, sense of injustice, frustration, and resentment. In five studies (N = 1393), we examine dispositional envy as a domainspecific construct. Study 1 (including 4 separate samples from 2 different countries, total N = 6092) provides evidence for the construct and discriminant validity of the DGS in terms of positive correlations with maximization, self-interest, envy, materialism, and . Gratitude and happiness: Development of a measure of gratitude, and relationship with subjective well-being. Although many scholars have argued that individual differences in proneness to envy can have wide-ranging implications for social interactions, the empirical testing of these claims is largely undeveloped. The HARDY consists of 45 items that are rated on a four-point Likert scale from 0 (not at all true) to 3 (completely true). The composite DES scale was computed by summing the individual response items (mean = 17.67, SD = 7.42, range 8-40, coefficient alpha = 0.898). 1 1.0 Literature Review The consequences of envy and personal relative deprivation are nearly uniformly negative. Evidence towards the concurrent construct validity (convergent and discriminant) of the C-BRES was assessed through correlations with the Dispositional envy scale and other measures of psychosocial outcomes empirically linked to envy. The Dispositional Envy Scale (DES) was proposed by Smith et al.8 to evaluate envy. (2014) recently developed the Vices and Virtues Scale to measure dispositional tendencies to commit deadly sins, including a subscale to measure envy. Dispositional envy is generally defined as a unitary construct which is underlined by two core characteristics: (1) inferiority triggered by the tendency to interpret an upward social comparison in a negative way; and (2) invidious ill will resulting from a deep, although subjective sense of injustice (Smith et al., 1999 ). The level of satisfaction with life and dispositional envy were measured and compared to the content shared on Instagram by 86 Mexican university students. In this study, we used the Chinese ver-sion, which has good reliability and validity (Cronbach's = 0.79).55 The scale consists of 8 items (e.g., "I feel envy every day." Hence, to the best of our knowledge, this study provides the first evidence that spontaneous brain activity in multiple regions related to self-evaluation, social perception, and social emotion contributes to dispositional envy. However, the validity of the BeMaS, developed to measure two types of dispositional envy, has not been adequately . Here is a summary of what they learned in each of the six experiments. We did so with a large adult sample (n = 357).Participants completed a Dispositional Envy Scale and questions about . . We report two studies ( N1 = 300, N2 = 1,000) on the comparative psychometric properties of these scales. Fear of negative evaluation, anger rumination, and dispositional envy were positive predictors for DAQ revenge planning Dispositional benign and malicious envy uniquely predict envious responding following upward . Data were collected from 426 Chinese college students (M age = 20.63, SD = 1.85), using the Child Abuse Scale, Dispositional Envy Scale, Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale, and Multi-Dimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support. In this regard, the Dispositional Envy Scale (DES; Smith et al., 1999) is the most commonly utilised measure of envy (Lange & Crusius, 2015; Rentzsch & Gross, 2015). We expect a positive indirect effect via benign envy, and a negative indirect effect via malicious envy. The Dispositional Envy Scale (DES) was proposed by Smith et al. The implications of episodic envy are also examined. The most promi-nent measure is the eight-item envy subscale . Instead, a 7-point Likert scale (1 = strongly disagree, 7 = strongly agree) was used with the general population . It is true that there is individual variation in tendency to feel envy (as measured by dispositional envy scales, such as those developed in Smith et al. In the control condition, participants provided ratings to five statements specific to the ads/product on 5-point scale (e.g., "I like the layout of this ad", . In four studies (N = 1,094)using the newly developed Benign and Malicious Envy Scale (BeMaS)we show that dispositional envy is also characterized by two independent dimensions related to distinct View on SAGE psyarxiv.com Furthermore, neuroticism mediated the underlying association between the ReHo of the IFG/MFG and dispositional envy. Benign envy is related to the motivation to move upward, whereas malicious envy is related to pulling superior others down. Participants also completed a short-form social desirability scale [37-39]. We hypothesized that (1) the cognitive behavioural responses to envy scale (C-BRES) would have good reliability and internal consistency, (2) the C-BRES scores would be correlated with the dispositional envy scale scores, and (3) high C-BRES scores would be associated with high levels of depression, neuroticism, psychoticism, anger, and low . Please read each statement carefully, considering each one by one, and indicate the extent to which each describes you by using the response options. A new measure designed to assess it is developed, validated, and cross-validated in 3 studies. rumination and dispositional envy reported more IA and DA. The scale responses are scored by averaging the responses of the benign envy and malicious envy subscales, respectively. Dispositional benign and malicious envy uniquely predict envious responding following upward . We created a single-factor Dispositional Envy Scale (DES) to measure individual differences in tendencies to envy, and examined some of the implications of such differences. This scale is an eight-item self-report measure developed by Smith et al. Furthermore, it is unclear whether the two-factor structure of BeMaS is identical across various samples. The higher the score, the higher the dispositional envy. of Belk's (1984, 1985) materialism scale. A unit increase in envy is associated with 23%, 47%, and 43% greater odds of preferring the wealthy-harming scenario in the United States, India, and the United Kingdom . The Benign and Malicious Envy Scale is a promising self-report measure forming a counterpoint to the unidimensional approach to the assessment of dispositional envy. This article reports on 5 studies that develop and test the 7-item Dispositional Greed Scale (DGS). Gratitude Resentment and Appreciation Scale (GRAT) - Short Form The GRAT-Short Form is a 16-item scale designed to measure an individual's dispositional gratitude. The results show that self-esteem plays a partially mediating role in the association between child maltreatment and envy. It consists of eight items assessed on a 5-point Dispositional Envy Scale (DES).
dispositional envy scale
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